Unlike what reported by many renowned media sites, the observation deck is not 1000 ft( 305 m) high but is in fact at 920 ft (280 m) off the ground, still pretty enough for enjoying the city views. It is clear from these examples that designing buildings that are both structurally sound, but also flexible enough to withstand the multitude of stresses that may occur during an earthquake is key to saving lives. [19], In July 2014, OUE Ltd. (OUE), the new owners of the skyscraper, announced construction of an observation deck named OUE Skyspace. The tower's address is 633 West Fifth Street in Downtown Los Angeles, where filled with tall buildings, the majority of high rise buildings in the city are located at there. Short-term thinking is absolutely the biggest villain, Mr. Reis said. Small earthquakes triggered by seismic waves created by the detonation of the rock on the surface cause collapse of underground tunnels and mines. Two key components of earthquake-resistant construction are the materials used, which in turn determine strength and flexibility, and energy management, or the ways in which a building dissipates energy produced by seismic vibrations. We would have seen it as utterly bizarre not to protect our investment, he said. In parts of the slide where, because of "complex bent geometry," SentryGlass wasnt an option, Ludvik says, "we chemically strengthened the glass to be as strong as steel.". Staffers at the Japanese Red Cross Hospital in Ishinomaki City, which was equipped with a base isolation system, were able to stay at their desks during the magnitude-8.9 Tohoku earthquake in 2011. The engineer does not expect the building to emerge from a major earthquake completely unscathed, and planned for a degree of damage. "This has enabled the profession to conduct more simulations (and) the database for ground motion records has increased tremendously.". [9] It is also the third-tallest building in a major active seismic region; its structure was designed to resist an earthquake of 8.3 on the Richter scale. Together these systems help minimize the horizontal forces exerted during an earthquake. The tower was shaped to create a memorable skyline image. Heres the sign-up.]. LA Downtown News reports that the tower can sway 17 inches without buckling. Base isolators are like shock absorbers between the building and the ground motion, letting a building slide back and forth while remaining upright during a quake. Skyscraper (film, not the new 2018 film): But lately, rather than relying on big, expensive supercomputers, more and more scientists are turning to a different method for their number-crunching needs: distributed supercomputing. "Several (simulations) represented earthquakes fairly close to the site, and we also looked at what happened with an earthquake on a larger fault such as San Andreas, 100 kilometers from the site," says Hudson. The crown is lit white in the usual times, and will be lit in a variety of colors in some special days like some festivals or events, this feature is similar to Empire State Building. One of the most significant earthquakes was the California earthquake that occurred on April 18, 1906. It resembles a hole burned into a piece of white mesh material, although its actually a flat, stationary image on a screen or piece of paper. The 71Above restaurant will remain open while the 54th floor, where people going higher must change elevators, will be turned into a co-working lounge with workstations, food and beverage options and a catering kitchen for events. Information of Other Skyscrapers Around the World. Simply put, they are diagonal structures that are inserted into the rectangular areas of the frame. American building codes allow for twice as much drift as Japanese ones. Certain earthquake scenarios would exert enough force on the outriggers -- the arms of the skier -- to cause severe damage to the concrete core. The US Bank Tower's terrifying Skyslide attraction is a glass slide that hangs off the side of the building, connecting the 69th and 70th floors. U.S. Bank Tower is in the background of movie poster, and it's where the most exuberant plots occurs. The tower has appeared in almost every episode and shot from many different angles in the air, this is different from other TV series that show some iconic place in the same angles again and again in every episode. A lot of people would say no and maybe some people would say yes., Section of a lead rubber bearing isolator. There are no buildings that are earthquake proof. [15] The City of Los Angeles sold air rights to the developers of the tower to help pay for the reconstruction of the library. Workers help lower a steel beam as construction of Korean Airs 73-story 1.1 billion dollar Wilshire Grand continues in downtown Los Angeles, June 23, 2015. [25], OUE Skyspace closed temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020. These joints allow the slide to move separately from the building, so it could sway on its own during a quake. "On 9/11, there were issues with people running down and firemen coming up, so we put a fireman's elevator in the concrete core. The building was designed by Henry N. Cobb of the architectural firm Pei Cobb Freed & Partners and cost $350 million to build. But when he introduced plans for the circular, glass-sheathed structure, he described it as a little like a spaceship.. Thousands of other buildings in the country have been fitted with shock-absorbing devices that can greatly reduce damage and prevent collapse. For example, reported that Komatsu Seiren, a Japanese textile firm, used carbon-fiber ropes in lieu of steel or concrete. Apples new headquarters in Silicon Valley was constructed with an acute awareness that the building sits in earthquake country. It's not uncommon for research institutions to pay upward of $1,000 for a single hour of supercomputer use, and sometimes more, depending on the hardware that's required. Evan Reis, a co-founder of the U.S. Resiliency Council, a nonprofit organization, says the biggest impediment is that unlike in Japan, buildings change hands frequently in America and the developers who build them do not see the incentive in making them more robust. In an attempt to prevent damage during a quake, many earthquake-prone cities have mandated sweeping engineering standards for new high-rises as well as retrofitting standards for older units. Joseph compares the latter elements to the arms and poles of a skier, providing balance on the slopes. As the building sways, the inertia of the weight counters this movement. Unfortunately, Shanghai is located in a seismically active area and the site of the tower is composed primarily of soft, clay-heavy soil. We would love to learn more about your needs and find out how our firm can work with you. One of its most impressive features is a 730-ton (662-metric-ton) active mass damper that resides at the top of the building, between the 88th and 92nd floors. The building itself is designed to lean up to 30 feet during an earthquake, but what about the slide: How would it stand up to a big shaking? Suzuki Kantaro contributed reporting from Tokyo. When an earthquake causes the ground to shake, the pucks slide across the saucers as much as four feet, slowed by friction. This seventy-three-story skyscraper was originally known as the Library Tower because of its close association - both physical and historical - with the 1926 Central Library across the street. If you are not receiving newsletters, please check your spam folder. The top was redesigned to be more robust, although the glass crown was retained, in contrast to most of LA's tall buildings that were required to have a helipad on the roof until 2014. The country has many older buildings constructed before major changes to a 1981 building code, and even the countrys seismic innovations are of varying quality and effectiveness, as highlighted by revelations last year that a manufacturer of seismic shock absorbers falsified its performance data. This design diminishes the acceleration the building would experience during an earthquake by 80 percent. Below are the facts about the US Bank Tower. Individually, these volunteer computers aren't particularly powerful, but if you string enough of them together, their collective power can easily eclipse that of any centralized supercomputer -- and often for a fraction of the cost. You can reach us via the form below, email us at [emailprotected] or call us at our various offices. Seeing as the city is situated near theArabian, African, and Eurasian tectonic plates, another large quake is projected to happen within the next 30 years. U.S. Bank Tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb from Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, a firm led by starchitect IM Pei. U.S. Bank Tower had been a pure office building with no hotels or observation deck since its opening until in June 2016, when a new multi-level observatory opens to public. Monday - Friday: $8 Saturday & Sunday: $11 Special Events: $15. Amarnath Kasalanati, the associate director of the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center at the University of California, Berkeley, says it is paradoxical that more buildings in the United States do not use innovative seismic technologies, since American scientists and engineers were early leaders in the field. These include: Embedding steel into the structures frame, Having light walls and thin concrete flooring, Using shear walls, which channel lateral motion into the foundation, interdisciplinary research group based out of the University of Bristol. Expert advice on how to deal with slow repairs and weird move-out notices. Please try again later. But seismic history suggests that California may be due for large earthquakes, which often come in clusters. Similarly, CNN reported that in the 2015 earthquake in Kathmandu, Nepal, "70% of the houses had collapsed, trapping and crushing the people inside". [20] on the 69th and 70th floors and a restaurant named 71Above on the 71st floor. United Overseas Bank Plaza was designed by the starchitect Kenz Tange, in fact its shape is inspired by Tokyo Metropolitan Government Office, which is another building designed by Kenz Tange. One of the most significant earthquakes was the California earthquake that occurred on April 18, 1906. Although columns and beams can bend, joints and connectors stay rigid. Independence Day (film): An alien ship hovers over the U.S. Bank Tower, which attracts lots of people to get to the rooftop of the tower to show welcome, however soon afterwards the ship bombs the whole building out. Steel supports help to absorb seismic energy. Is the US Bank Tower earthquake proof? Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. These features also give building designers more flexibility to create exterior walls, ceilings, and arrange building contents. United Overseas Bank Plaza was designed by the starchitect Kenz Tange, in fact its shape is inspired by. Tower of the Americas Parking Rates. Popular Culture: There are around 10 skyscrapers exceeding 200 meters situated around U.S. Bank Tower, the tallest completed one among them was once the Aon Center, which stands 260 meters tall, in June 2017 a supertall skyscraper named Wilshire Grand Tower completed with an architectural height that taller than both U.S. Bank Tower and Aon Center, becoming the new tallest building in Los Angeles. U.S. Bank Tower, the tower was called First Interstate Bank World Center before 2004, when US Bank Corp rent a large portion of floors in the tower and bought the name rights, changed the name to U.S. Bank Tower, and installed the company's logo on the tower's crown at the peak after the original logo of First Interstate was removed. The building was developed by Maguire Partners, who purchased the air rights above the historic library to add more height to the tower. The building itself sits on a 17.5-foot concrete foundation and the seismic savvy skyscraper also utilizes a joint between the base and the tower that is capable of sustaining up to1.5-feet of sway. The majority of deaths from earthquakes occur due to the collapse of poorly constructed buildings. As of 2018, the tower ranks 15th in the United States in height among skyscrapers, the buildings ahead of it in roof height are all from New York City and Chicago, and it ranks about 100th in the world. Weighing in at 1,000 tons, the damper in the Shanghai Tower dwarfs the . I thought to myself, this earthquake is not that big, Mr. Itakura said. The geotechnical tests also informed specifications for laying the foundations -- which would set a new world record the. Construction continues at the top of the New Wilshire Grand Center, Los Angeles. Like Taipei 101, the Shanghai Tower also utilizes a tuned mass damper to control sway during an earthquake or high winds. Earthquake-proofing buildings should start early in the design phase. At a cost of $1.1 billion, the Wilshire Grand dominates the skyline: The next tallest building west of Chicago is the U.S. Bank Tower in Los Angeles, built at 1,018 feet in 1989. "U.S. Bank Tower" redirects here. . Access to the observation deck cost $25 per person. U.S. Bank Tower was formerly owned by MPG Trust Inc, like many other skyscrapers in America, the ownership of U.S. Bank Tower was transferred several times, in 2013, a Singapore based cooperation named Ocean Union Enterprise acquired the building becoming the new owner of the tower. The central pillar acts as a counterweight which allows the outer frame to vibrate in the event of an earthquake; a damping system keeps the tower's center of gravity close to the base. Japan and the United States, two of the worlds most technologically advanced countries, have the same problem how to protect people and society from earthquakes and yet they have responded in very different ways. U.S. Bank Tower, the tower was called First Interstate Bank World Center before 2004, when US Bank Corp rent a large portion of floors in the tower and bought the name rights, changed the name to U.S. Bank Tower, and installed the company's logo on the tower's crown at the peak after the original logo of First Interstate was removed. Earthquake-proofing the tallest skyscraper in California. [Inside Apples Earthquake-Ready Headquarters]. Like Taipei 101, the Shanghai Tower also utilizes a tuned mass damper to control sway during an earthquake or high winds. If you spend the money today and the earthquake happens tomorrow, then congratulations, youve done a good job, said Ron Hamburger, an American structural engineer who is perhaps the leading authority on the building code. Bank logo signs were installed on the crown, amid controversy for their effect on the aesthetic appearance of the building, much like the previous First Interstate Bank logos were placed on the crown between 1990 and 1998. Externally, it's clad with LEDs, which glow after dark. But over all, Japanese engineers say, earthquakes over the past two decades have proved the effectiveness of the countrys stricter regulations and innovations. Supercomputers are an essential part of modern science. "There would be a whole bunch of cracking concrete at the end of these beams in an earthquake, but they hold together and don't drop on someone's head.". Engineers incorporate a variety of columns, braces, and beams to transfer seismic forces back to the ground. Inside the showroom, another curtain of nearly 3,000 additional rods add further structural reinforcement. The amount that the building moves is greatly reduced. The construction of the tower started In 1987, followed by a completion date in 1989, the construction of the tower cost 350 million dollars by that time, approximately 670 million dollars in 2016. There's a scene featuring protagonist Ray Gaines flies his helicopter over the US Bank Tower that is falling down. Some cities like San Francisco are considering rules that would require buildings to be more rigid, similar to those in Japan. Los Angeles, California July 5th, 2019 8:20PM7.1 magnitude earthquake hit while 70 floors above LAThis is the tallest building in LA and all of Southern Cali. The closer earthquake has higher frequency vibrations like a truck hitting the building, and the San Andreas earthquake is more of a long, rolling motion.". "Its built with factors of safety and levels of redundancy which would make the most conservative engineer blush. Like some low-level hallucinatory experience, your mind trips out; perceiving the static image as the mouth of a black tunnel thats moving towards you. The new arrival will still fall short of East Coast skyscrapers such as New York's One World Trade Center (1,776 feet), and even the Empire State Building (1,250 feet), built in 1931. U.S. Bank Tower, known locally as the Library Tower and formerly as the First Interstate Bank World Center, is a 1,018-foot (310.3m) skyscraper in downtown Los Angeles, California. Tourism and Sightseeing: Mr. The US Bank Tower's terrifying Skyslide attraction is a glass slide that hangs off the side of the building, connecting the 69th and 70th floors. discusses other ways that structures can be designed to better withstand the stresses of seismic movement. Before 2017, U.S. Bank Tower had been the tallest building west of the Mississippi in America, or say, it was the tallest building out of New York City and Chicago in America. The tower's 69th floor and 70th floor have been renovated into a multi-layer observation deck, including outdoor space on 69th floor. Standing more than 2,000 feet high, the Shanghai Tower isthe second tallest building on the planet. The team have also considered how first responders will get to the top of the building in the event of a terrorist attack such as the one that struck New York on September 11, 2001. Women Speak Out for Inclusion, Leadership, Diversity, Allyship, Accelerating AEC Innovation in a Post-COVID World, Enabling Automation in The Built Environment, We Bring the Built Environment to Life Through Immersive Technology. The airport now claims the lofty and very specific title of the worlds largest seismically isolated building. Everyone Practices Cancel Culture | Opinion, Deplatforming Free Speech is Dangerous | Opinion, Firm Unveils Plan to Hang Skyscraper From Asteroid, Big Bend: U-Shaped NYC Skyscraper Aims To Be Longest. The story takes place in Los Angeles, where is a place destroyed and reigned by machines, the base of destroyed U.S. Bank Tower can be found in a scene when the role acted by Sam Worthington wandering in the ruins of the city after he revived from death. One of the designers of the building was Jony Ive, the man who was responsible for the look and feel of Apple products such as the iPhone and iPad. A new two-layer observation deck named Sky Space has been opened in June 2016, before that the tower had been strictly served as a pure office building, only for tenants and not opened to tourists, unlike the scene shown in the film Independence Day, in which a flock of people get to the roof of tower. Mr. Itakura had been cushioned from the violence of the earthquake because his three-story office building was sitting on an experimental foundation made from rubber an early version of an engineering technique called base isolation. Sears Tower and John Hancock Tower, they only charge less than 20 dollars and are all higher than U.S. Bank Tower's, and the cityscape viewed from these observatories are not less attractive than Downtown Los Angeles. These can be used in place of braced frames or in addition to them. The base isolators installed in Apples headquarters are two stories underground. [28], The US Bank Tower was the world's tallest building with a rooftop helipad until the China World Trade Center Tower III in Beijing, which was completed in 2010 and whose rooftop helipad is 1,083 feet (330 m) high. [17], On October 6, 2005, House[discuss] officials stated that the government had foiled a previously undisclosed second plot to crash a plane into the building in mid-2002. But engineers are always looking for innovative ways to support structures. Japan, of course, still has many vulnerabilities, some of which were made clear when the 2011 Tohoku earthquake created a tsunami that breached sea walls, killing an estimated 16,000 people and spreading radiation from a damaged nuclear reactor. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. An unprecedented earthquake attacked Los Angeles, countless streets and buildings are corrupted, U.S. Bank Tower is among them, but it is only shown a few seconds in the scene. indicated that ductility, or a buildings ability to resist induced vibrations/oscillations without any damage or appreciable cracking, was key to achieving structural stability. Los Angeles: New 'Earthquake-Proof' Skyscraper Opens in Downtown L.A. Near San Andreas Fault. Large buildings like the U.S. Bank Tower designed to move during an earthquake. Comment below to let us know what topics youd like to see in future Explore Science posts. Dragon War (film): A mega snake chases a man and a woman to U.S. Bank Tower, before the snake arrived at the bottom of the tower the two people have arrived at the rooftop, due to the cylinder shape of the tower, the snake was able to climb up by wrapping around the tower and did that, soon afterwards it found the woman who it was chasing for on the roof top, at this time several choppers came and started attacking the snake, many choppers were destroyed by the snake, the snake fell down to the ground being badly wounded after a few minutes' fighting. Upgrade your lifestyleDigital Trends helps readers keep tabs on the fast-paced world of tech with all the latest news, fun product reviews, insightful editorials, and one-of-a-kind sneak peeks. Hamburger, the code expert, and other engineers who have worked in both countries. Digital Trends Media Group may earn a commission when you buy through links on our sites. In addition, the Burj Khalifa is built to act like a stiffened rod, reinforced with cross-bracing beams and braced panels that can withstand earthquakes up to magnitude 7. Taipei 101 uses a a massive internal damper to control swaying and minimize the possibility of structural damage or failure, making it a very earthquake resistant building. Some counter-terrorism experts have expressed doubt that the plot was ever fully developed or likely to occur. But at stake is whether places like Silicon Valley, Seattle, Salt Lake City, San Francisco or Los Angeles might be forced to shut down after a direct hit and for how long. "A thinner spire would have been lovely, but it would fail under earthquake loads.". "It should roll with the punch. Wikipedia has a problem. U.S. Bank Tower is in the background of movie poster, and it's where the most exuberant plots occurs. The most popular Wiki articles have been edited thousands of times, reflecting the very latest research, insights, and up-to-the-minute information. An earthquake is a result of an energetic pulsation coming from deep layers in the ground, sending vibrations to the upper layers and eventually shaking whatever is on the surface. Cities wont be usable for many months, if not years, said H. Kit Miyamoto, a member of the California Seismic Safety Commission, a government body that advises the State Legislature and the governor on earthquake issues. The foundations are also designed to be resilient to earthquakes, with four clusters of walled piles and steel-reinforced concrete nodes reaching 164 feet . While it may no longer hold claim to this engineering title, Taipei 101 still houses some of the most impressive seismic- and weather-resistant technologies ever designed. Since the building is not directly attached to the foundation, during an earthquake the ground may move, but the building will remain relatively stable. Using the latest AutoCAD suite, VIATechnik transforms 2D plans into vivid, rich, and accurate 3D renderings. During testing it was realized that an earthquake could create catastrophic whiplash on the top floors of the building. Another example is the U.S. Bank Tower, which is described as Los Angeles most earthquake-proof building. are diagonal structures that redirect seismic forces to vertical structures, such as columns. The design of the slide includes a "complex array" of so-called soft touch connections, which contain ball joints. To deal with potential seismic issues, the Wilshire Grand had to be made heavily earthquake-proof. A tower of its size needs bracing in three places to ensure it won't collapse, while the foundations have to be strengthened. Isolating the Building From Ground Motion, American vs. Japanese High-Rise Construction, A Sliding Mechanism Controls Building Motion. The collapse of even one skyscraper could have catastrophic effects. In 2005, during Typhoon Soudelor, Taipei 101 was blitzed with winds of 100 miles per hour and even a gust of 145 mph. Left, Los Angeles City Hall was retrofitted with base isolators. U.S. Bank Tower was designed by Henry N. Cobb from Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, a firm led by starchitect IM Pei. How L.A.s glass Skyslide stays strong 1,000 feet in the air, even through a earthquake, Ride a Terrifying Glass "Skyslide" Down the Side of an L.A. Before starting any major construction project, engineers must evaluate the building sites seismic activity and propose an appropriate design. At 1,100 feet, the billon-dollar tower will be the tallest building on the Pacific Coast when it opens next year, outstripping the nearby US Bank Tower. Place the two binder covers on top of one another . As a general rule, the roofs of earthquake safe structures must be as light as possible. The building was first known and is alternatively known today as the Library Tower, because it was built as part of the $1 billion Los Angeles Central Library redevelopment area, following two disastrous fires at the library in 1986, and its location across the street. Cross braces incorporate two diagonal sections in an X-shape to build wall trusses. It consists of 73 stories above ground and two parking levels below ground. At the base of the buildings nearly 700 support columns are stainless steel pucks that sit on top of massive steel saucers. Hudson played with different scenarios, including combinations of earthquakes and varying degrees of severity, to see if the Wilshire Grand would survive them. But that computing power comes at a price -- literally. The two-million square foot complex sits above the ground on more than 300 seismic isolators. 2012 (film): If youre like us, you love science, and if youre teaching Physics youre probably curious about the world around you. His office swayed, but the books stayed on their shelves and nothing fell off his desk. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, was the first to realise that earthquakes were more than an act of the Gods. [26] In May 2021, it was announced that a renovation by the new owner of the tower would result in the conversion of the observation deck attraction back to office space and the removal of the slide, due to complaints from office tenants. These are a few of the basic structures that may be used in constructing earthquake-resistant buildings. The tower also serves as an icon of the city, it can displays some new trends by the crown lighting at the peak of the building when nights come. Although poorly-built structures can sometimes resist vertical loads, horizontal loads cause the worst damage, often collapsing buildings on the first shake. Many years ago the tower can be ranked into the top tallest 20 buildings in the world, but after these years' construction boom taking places worldwide, lots of cities has started constructing the supertall skyscrapers no matter what the size the city is, the number of rank for U.S. Bank Tower will continues to increase. The building is going to take punishment and hopefully allow us to get out alive, said Richard J. McCarthy, the executive director of the California Seismic Safety Commission. [8] However, the U.S. Bank Tower does surpass both the Salesforce Tower and the Wilshire Grand Center in roof height, making it the only building in California whose roof height exceeds 1,000 feet (300m). Before construction could begin, the design had to be tested against a variety of earthquake simulations. The commission began a campaign this year to warn the public that the building code protects them less than they may think. In 1999, a 7.4-magnitude earthquake hit Istanbul killing 17,000 people. Scientifically, these vibrations are called seismic waves which are waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of a rock within the earth or an explosion. A federal study last year found that a quarter of the buildings in the San Francisco Bay Area would be significantly damaged after a magnitude-7 earthquake, a disaster that would be compounded by the fact that nine out of every 10 commercial buildings and eight out of 10 homes in California are not insured for earthquakes. "The overall shaking from the two sequences is not vastly different but the characteristics are. Additionally there's no other observation decks with such a height in the city. But American advocates say they face a number of obstacles. The simulations revealed alarming weaknesses. , the two-story, 84,000 sq. Japan, through both government mandates and its engineering culture, builds stronger structures capable of withstanding earthquakes and being used immediately afterward. Additional production by Abe Sater and Michael Cordero.Sources: Kit Miyamoto, president & CEO, Miyamoto International; Akira Wada, professor emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology; Ibbi Almufti, associate principal of advanced technology and research, Arup in San Francisco; Ryota Kidokoro, senior associate, Arup in Tokyo; Ron Hamburger, senior principal, Simpson Gumpertz & Heger in San Francisco.Note: To show how Japans use of seismic technologies differs from conventional building construction in the United States, New York Times journalists created building models that illustrate what can occur during an earthquake. Protect our investment, he said culture, builds how is the us bank tower earthquake proof structures capable withstanding. Slide to move during an earthquake could create catastrophic whiplash on the.! Enabled the profession to conduct more simulations ( and ) the database for ground Motion, American vs. High-Rise! Temporarily due to the collapse of underground tunnels and mines a thinner spire would have been edited of. Deaths from earthquakes occur due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 reach us via the form,! 71Above on the 69th and 70th floor have been renovated into a multi-layer observation deck, including outdoor on... Temporarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 vivid, rich, and it 's with! Was constructed with an acute awareness that the plot was ever fully developed or likely to.. That redirect seismic forces to vertical structures, such as columns Media may! No and maybe some people would say yes., Section of a skier, providing balance on the of! Steel saucers with LEDs, which often come in clusters during testing it was realized that an earthquake 80. 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